10.1 Infectious diseases
10.2 Antibiotics
The infectious diseases studied in this section are caused by pathogens that are transmitted from one human host to another. Some, like Plasmodium that causes malaria, are transmitted by vectors; others are transmitted through water and food or during sexual activity. An understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its mode of transmission is essential if the disease is to be controlled and ultimately prevented.
Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
10.1 Infectious diseases
While many infectious diseases have been successfully controlled in some parts of the world, many people worldwide are still at risk of these diseases.
a) define the term disease and explain the difference between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease (limited to sickle cell anaemia and lung cancer)
b) state the name and type of causative organism (pathogen) of each of the following diseases: cholera, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, smallpox and measles (detailed knowledge of structure is not required. For smallpox (Variola) and measles (Morbillivirus) only the name of genus is needed)
c) explain how cholera, measles, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS are transmitted
d) discuss the biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of cholera, measles, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS (a detailed study of the life cycle of the malarial parasite is not required)
e) discuss the factors that influence the global patterns of distribution of malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS and assess the importance of these diseases worldwide
10.2 Antibiotics
The ‘age of antibiotics’ began in the 1940s with the availability of penicillin. With an increase in antibiotic resistance is this age about to come to an end?
a) outline how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses
b) explain in outline how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics with reference to mutation and selection
c) discuss the consequences of antibiotic resistance and the steps that can be taken to reduce its impact
10.2 Antibiotics
The infectious diseases studied in this section are caused by pathogens that are transmitted from one human host to another. Some, like Plasmodium that causes malaria, are transmitted by vectors; others are transmitted through water and food or during sexual activity. An understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its mode of transmission is essential if the disease is to be controlled and ultimately prevented.
Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
10.1 Infectious diseases
While many infectious diseases have been successfully controlled in some parts of the world, many people worldwide are still at risk of these diseases.
a) define the term disease and explain the difference between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease (limited to sickle cell anaemia and lung cancer)
b) state the name and type of causative organism (pathogen) of each of the following diseases: cholera, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, smallpox and measles (detailed knowledge of structure is not required. For smallpox (Variola) and measles (Morbillivirus) only the name of genus is needed)
c) explain how cholera, measles, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS are transmitted
d) discuss the biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of cholera, measles, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS (a detailed study of the life cycle of the malarial parasite is not required)
e) discuss the factors that influence the global patterns of distribution of malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS and assess the importance of these diseases worldwide
10.2 Antibiotics
The ‘age of antibiotics’ began in the 1940s with the availability of penicillin. With an increase in antibiotic resistance is this age about to come to an end?
a) outline how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses
b) explain in outline how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics with reference to mutation and selection
c) discuss the consequences of antibiotic resistance and the steps that can be taken to reduce its impact
No comments:
Post a Comment